Sterilization performance of pressure steam sterilizers in medical institutions of Xi'an city / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the current situation of pressure steam sterilization in medical institutions in Xi'an city,and provide reference for the monitoring and quality control of pressure steam sterilization.Methods Central sterile supply departments(CSSDs) in medical institutions in Xi'an in 2012-2014 were investigated.Physical,chemical,and biological monitoring methods were used to evaluate the pressure steam sterilizers.Results A total of 135 medical institutions in Xi' an were monitored,including 40 tertiary medical institutions and 95 secondary and below medical institutions.A total of 540 specimens were collected,454 were qualified,overall qualified rate was 84.07 ％.Qualified rate of monitoring result of pressure steam sterilization of tertiary medical institutions was higher than secondary and below medical institutions(93.13 ％ vs 80.26 ％,x2 =13.91,P＜0.01).Qualified rates of chemical PCD and biological test pack of tertiary as well as secondary and below medical institutions were 100％ and ＞90％ respectively.The qualified rate of recoded temperature in secondary and below medical institutions was 88.42 ％,but actually measured temperature was 38.95 ％,which was significantly lower than 72.50 ％ of tertiary medical institutions(x2 =12.68,P＜0.01).The rates of the measured temperature＞ 134℃ of pressure steam sterilizer in each year were all low,but measured temperature＜132℃ was about 50.00 ％,difference between actually measured temperature and recorded temperature was-4℃-1 ℃,difference between-2.5 ℃-0.5℃ accounted for 80.00％,the main unqualified temperature was 130℃-131 ℃,accounting for 82.61 ％.Conclusion Efficacy of pressure steam sterilization is different in different levels of medical institutions in Xi'an,physical monitoring measures are not standardized,the supervision of physical parameters in key sectors should be strengthened to ensure the sterilization quality of medical institutions and reduce the occurrence of iatrogenic infection.

Monitoring of hand hygiene status of health care workers in clinical laboratories of medical institutions in Xi'an City / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the current status of hand hygiene(HH) among health care workers(HCWs) in clinical laboratories in medical institutions in Xi'an City.Methods HH status of HCWs in clinical laboratories in medical institutions in Xi'an was performed random on-the-spot sampling and monitoring.Results A total of 240 HH specimens of HCWs in clinical laboratories in 80 medical institutions in Xi'an City were collected, 127 detected results were qualified, the total qualified rate was 52.92%.The qualified rates of medical institutions were as follows: municipal hospitals 62.67%,workers' hospitals 55.95%,private hospitals 40.74%;comprehensive medical institutions 67.68%,specialized medical institutions 42.55%;tertiary medical institutions 79.63%(n=43),secondary and below medical institutions 45.16%(n=84),there were significant differences in HH qualified rate among HCWs in different types of medical institutions(all P<0.01).Of different HH detection items, detection rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 0.83% and 8.33% respectively.There were significant differences in HH compliance rates among HCWs of all age groups(χ2=9.103,P<0.05), HCWs aged≥50 years had the highest qualified rate of HH(71.43%), followed by those aged<30 years (67.82%),HCWs in 40~ year age group had the lowest HH qualified rate (39.66%).Conclusion The qualified rate of HH of HCWs in clinical laboratory of medical institutions in Xi'an City is low, it is necessary to enhance the procaution awareness of HCWs in clinical laboratories, strengthen quality control of HH, strictly implement standard hand-washing procedures to reduce occurrence of HAI.

Correlation between the serum concentration of ACE2/Ang (1-7)and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To reveal the role of serum ACE2/Ang (1-7)in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF)and find new targets for the prevention and treatment of AF by analyzing the correlation between the serum concentration of ACE2/Ang (1-7 )in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease and the occurrence of AF. Methods We collected the basic clinical information and peripheral venous blood of patients with rheumatic heart valve disease (totally 46 patients,including 24 with AF and 22 with SR).ELISA method was used to detect the serum concentration of ACE2,Ang (1-7)and AngⅡ in the serum samples.Then the differences and correlation between the two groups were analyzed.Results In the AF group ① the diameter of the left atrium was significantly greater than that in the SR group [(60.70±3.08 vs.48.15±2.16)mm,P<0.05];② the serum concentration of AngⅡ was significantly higher than that in the SR group [(45.88±2.87 vs.35.78±1.08)pg/mL, P<0.05],AngⅡ and left atrium diameter were positively correlated (Pearson test,P<0.05);③ the serum concentrations of ACE2 [(7.87±0.74 vs.11.65±0.57)U/L,P<0.05]and Ang (1-7)[(146.05±17.61 vs. 321.71±36.50)pg/mL,P<0.05]were significantly lower than those in the SR group,and negatively correlated with left atrium diameter (Pearson test,P<0.05);④ the serum concentration of Ang (1-7)was negatively correlated with AngⅡ concentration (Pearson test,P<0.05).Conclusion For patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease,ACE2/Ang (1-7 )may play a protective role in the occurrence of AF via antagonizing AngⅡ and inhibiting atrial remodeling.

Monitoring on dust particle and airborne microbe counts in the operating rooms in some municipal hospitals of Xi’an / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand environmental quality status of clean operating rooms in municipal hospitals of Xi’an,and provide reference for ensuring the clean quality of operating rooms.Methods On-site specimen collec-tion and detection were conducted to detect and analyze the cleanlinss of air in clean operating rooms in 15 hospital of Xi’an.Results A total of 51 operating rooms were monitored,secondary and tertiary hospitals had 24 and 27 operating rooms respectively;26 were grade-I and 25 were grade-Ⅲ operating rooms.The qualified rates of dust particle≥0.5μm/particle size in grade-I and grade-Ⅲ clean operating rooms were 76.92% and 80.00% respective-ly,≥5μm/ particle size were 73.08% and 88.00% respectively.The qualified rates of dust particle counts in grade-I and grade-Ⅲ clean operating rooms were 61 .54% and 80.00% respectively,difference was not significant(χ2=2.092,P >0.05 ).The qualified rate of dust particle counts in clean operating rooms in tertiary hospitals was significantly higher than secondary hospitals(85.19% vs 58.33%,χ2 =4.600,P 0.05),in surrounding zone were 95.83% and 92.59% respectively (both P >0.05).Conclusion Dust particle and airborne microbes in some clean operating rooms in municipal hospitals of Xi’an are beyond the standard,supervi-sion and management should be strengthened.

Epidemiological features and risk factors of spontaneous abortion among rural Tibetan women at childbearing age / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the current status and risk factors of spontaneous abortion of women with Tibetan ethnicity at reproductive age in rural areas.Methods Pregnant women who lived in fibet were interviewed on their former reproductive history and being followed on the outcomes of pregnant from 2006 to 2012.Generalized Poisson regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of spontaneous abortion.OR value of the research factors was estimated and its 95％ confidence interval counted.Results There were 1 557 pregnant women under this study,with a total number of 2 687 pregnancies and 2 382 productions.171 women underwent spontaneous abortion,with a total number of 204 times,93 women had histories of abortion,with a total number of 101 times.Among all the Tibetan pregnant women,the ratio between spontaneous abortion and pregnant women was 7.6％ while the rate of spontaneous abortion was 7.9％.Ratio between the number of women who had experienced spontaneous abortion and the total number of women under survey was 11.0％.Pregnancy appeared the important reason on spontaneous abortion.The risk of having spontaneous abortion would increase among women who had more than 3 pregnancies.Results from Poisson regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) value before the adjustment was 3.921 (95％CI:2.553-6.021) but after the adjustment,it increased to 4.722 (95％CI:2.834-7.866).The increase of production time could reduce the risk of spontaneous abortion in women of childbearing age.Risks related to spontaneous abortion were associated with the number of pregnancies.Women seemed to have lower risk for spontaneous abortion after 2009,with OR value as 0.419(95％CI:0.285-0.616) before,compared to aOR value as 0.580 (95％CI:0.380-0.885) after the adjustment Social-demographic characteristics was not found to be particularly associated with the occurrence of spontaneous abortion.Conclusion Rate of spontaneous abortion among Tibetan women at childbearing age was not particularly high when comparing to those women living in the plain area such as Shaanxi.However,in order to further reduce the incidence of spontaneous abortion among Tibetan women,approaches should include the following items:strengthening maternal health care,extending the spacing of pregnancy and reducing the frequency of pregnancy.

Growth pattern of Tibetan infants: one-year follow-up study after birth in rural Tibet / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the growth pattern of rural Tibetan children in the first year after birth.Methods In rural area of Lhasa,Tibet,252 subjects were recruited and their weight,length were measured longitudinally from birth to 12th months of age.Frequency of monitoring reached 5 times in total and Ponderal index (PI) was calculated for each visit.Mixed model was used to analyze the changes of length and weight by gender after controlling for birth weight.Results Birth weight and length showed great influence on children' s growth (weight:β =-0.681 9,P＜0.000 1,length:β =-0.957 1,P＜0.000 1).Weight and length of Tibetan male infants at each age point were lower than WHO new standard on growth and the Reference from 2005 National Survey on growth of children in China.The gap seemed widened by time but the gap between Tibetan female infants and Chinese standard narrowed 6 months after birth.Data showed that the higher PI of Tibetan infants than that of other Chinese infants which might infer that Tibetan infants had a more solid body mass under their own height.Conclusion The growth pattern of Tibetan infants might have its own feature.Tibetan infants appeared to have had higher PI,which was contradictory to the general conclusion that poor growth and development status had been seen in Tibetan children.

Using the revised Chinese diet balance index Quality of Diet to evaluate the quality of diet among rural residents in Hanzhong,Shaanxi province and relative influencing factors / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the quality of diet among rural residents in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province and to investigate the relative factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary status together with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were conducted among rural residents aged between 18 and 80 in Hanzhong of Shaanxi,in 2010. Quality of diet was evaluated by using DBI-07 scoring and evaluating system. Linear regression models were developed to identify factors related to under or over intakes. Results 2 241 rural residents were under study. 65%of the residents’daily intake of grains,oil and salt exceeded the RNI while animal food,diary food,eggs, vegetables and fruits were under,to some extent. The average values of DBI_LBS and DBI_HBS were 24.83 and 5.70. The proportions of moderate under-intake (25≤DBI_LBS≤36) and moderate over-intake(14≤DBI_HBS≤19)were 33.4%and 51.0%. Factors as family number,education level, fortune index,physical activity,higher labor intensity seemed to be protective for dietary under intake (P<0.05). Moderate fortune index,drinking alcohol(more than once a week),being male,age and smoking status(>15 cigarettes per day)were risk factors for over-intake of diet(P<0.05). Factors as larger family size and having had education above the levels senior school were significantly and negatively associated with the over-intake of diet (P<0.05). Conclusion The main diet problem among the rural residents was related to under-intaken but over-intake did exist to some extents. Our study results called for specific intervention in improving the quality of diet among the residents in Hanzhong.

Using the revised Chinese diet balance index Quality of Diet to evaluate the quality of diet among rural residents in Hanzhong,Shaanxi province and relative influencing factors / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the quality of diet among rural residents in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province and to investigate the relative factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary status together with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were conducted among rural residents aged between 18 and 80 in Hanzhong of Shaanxi,in 2010. Quality of diet was evaluated by using DBI-07 scoring and evaluating system. Linear regression models were developed to identify factors related to under or over intakes. Results 2 241 rural residents were under study. 65%of the residents’daily intake of grains,oil and salt exceeded the RNI while animal food,diary food,eggs, vegetables and fruits were under,to some extent. The average values of DBI_LBS and DBI_HBS were 24.83 and 5.70. The proportions of moderate under-intake (25≤DBI_LBS≤36) and moderate over-intake(14≤DBI_HBS≤19)were 33.4%and 51.0%. Factors as family number,education level, fortune index,physical activity,higher labor intensity seemed to be protective for dietary under intake (P<0.05). Moderate fortune index,drinking alcohol(more than once a week),being male,age and smoking status(>15 cigarettes per day)were risk factors for over-intake of diet(P<0.05). Factors as larger family size and having had education above the levels senior school were significantly and negatively associated with the over-intake of diet (P<0.05). Conclusion The main diet problem among the rural residents was related to under-intaken but over-intake did exist to some extents. Our study results called for specific intervention in improving the quality of diet among the residents in Hanzhong.

Using the revised Chinese diet balance index Quality of Diet to evaluate the quality of diet among rural residents in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province and relative influencing factors / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the quality of diet among rural residents in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province and to investigate the relative factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional survey on dietary status together with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were conducted among rural residents aged between 18 and 80 in Hanzhong of Shaanxi, in 2010. Quality of diet was evaluated by using DBI-07 scoring and evaluating system. Linear regression models were developed to identify factors related to under or over intakes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2 241 rural residents were under study. 65% of the residents' daily intake of grains, oil and salt exceeded the RNI while animal food, diary food, eggs, vegetables and fruits were under, to some extent. The average values of DBI_LBS and DBI_HBS were 24.83 and 5.70. The proportions of moderate under-intake (25≤DBI_LBS≤36) and moderate over-intake (14≤DBI_HBS≤19)were 33.4% and 51.0%. Factors as family number, education level, fortune index, physical activity, higher labor intensity seemed to be protective for dietary under intake (P < 0.05). Moderate fortune index, drinking alcohol (more than once a week), being male, age and smoking status(>15 cigarettes per day)were risk factors for over-intake of diet (P < 0.05). Factors as larger family size and having had education above the levels senior school were significantly and negatively associated with the over-intake of diet (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main diet problem among the rural residents was related to under-intaken but over-intake did exist to some extents. Our study results called for specific intervention in improving the quality of diet among the residents in Hanzhong.</p>

Study on the epidemiology and related factors of vision functioning related quality of life among the rural residents of Shanxi province / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To understand the vision functioning related quality of life in rural residents of Shanxi province,and explore its related factors.Methods By using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,237 rural residents from four township of Shanxi Province were conducted a questionnaire survey of vision functioning related quality of life.Using single factor and multiple factor regression model,the factors related to vision functioning related quality of life were explored.Results There were effective survey of 223 people,including 65 males (29.10％) and 158 females (70.9％).The age of residents was (35.8 ±14.2) years old.As the three aspects of vision functioning related quality of life (general health and vision acuity,grades of activity disabilities,reflections of vision problems) scores were 70.87 ± 17.19,91.56 ±9.13,85.20 ± 19.73 respectively.The visual functioning of general health and visual acuity scores and ophthalmic use and ocular history was negatively correlated; grades of activity disabilities scores and family history and history of drug was negatively correlated; reflections of vision problems scores were negatively correlated with age,but positivley related with mental state.Conclusion Vision functioning related quality of life is related with multiple factors,including age,ophthalmic use,ocular history,medication history,family history of ocular disease,and state of mind can affect vision functioning related quality of life score.Health education need strengthen to the residents according to the actual situation.